Window construction



Aug. 15, 1939. G A. E. KAUL WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 50, 1936 2sheets-sheet 1 I IN V EN TOR. G'asZ'av A 15: A326 A TTORNE Y1 2Sheets-Sheet 2 G. A. E. KAUL WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 30, 1936Afig. 15, 1939.

INVENTOR. fish/ 4 1. A2141,

ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 15, 1939 UNITED STATES PATIENT OFFICE 8 Claims.

The invention relates to window and sash construction, and moreparticularly to means to permit ready adjustment, removal, replacement,and locking of sash in place, and permitting entire clearance of thewindow opening while retaining the sash in the'frame work, freelymovable back to closure position.

The invention relates to that type of window in which the sash areprovided with projecting pins or lugs at the sides, slidable in channelsprovided permanently on the inner sides of the window frame, and it isan important purpose of the present invention to enable the embodimentof such a window without requiring retractable pins, locks, latches orsliding bolts to enable it to be fastened securely against burglarousentry.

'It has long been sought to present such a. window in practicable form,because of its exceptional appeal to the housewife, due to the greatbecause of its advantages in enabling more ventilation than obtainablewith the ordinary sliding sash, as well as other advantages. The presentinvention seeks to eliminate objections found in prior devices of thegeneralkind and to simplify its manufacture and installation.

An important object of the invention is to so construct the window thatthe sash in place will interlock without fastenings, in a way to performthe double function of prevention of opening casually and especiallyfrom without, and also as a weather seal and water shedding means. otherpurpose is' to present a novel means for effecting a weather-tight fitof the sash to the frame and to each other. A still further object is topresent a sash specially suitable to construction in metal, and toenable quick, safe and easy replacement of glass lights in the sash. Anadditional object is to present a construction in which the sash willautomatically tend to move to a good weather-tight engagement in thewindow frame, and to provide for novel adjustments of the sash.

Another important object of the invention is to provide a constructionpermitting the ready emplacement of a fly screen without impairing theutilization of the regular sash for all itsuses, movements, andadjustments. It is a special purpose to present a desirable novelconstruction in the screen.

A specific object of' the invention is to provide a novel coordinationof a. pocket to receive the 1 sash clear of the window opening, a simplecover therefor; 'and,the sash, whereby-closure oi the cover will locksash in operative position.

ease with which the sash may be washed, and also Additional objects,advantages and features of invention reside in the construction,arrangement, and combination of parts involved in the embodiment of theinvention, as will appear from the following description andaccompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a perspective view of awindow con struction exemplifying the invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view thereof. Figure 3 is a fragmentaryview of the side of the window frame, showing the forms of the channelsthereim Figure 4 is a section of the pocket showing the sash containedtherein.

Figure 5 is a cross section of the meeting rails of the two sash.

Figure 6 is an edge view of the two sash closed mutual relation.

Figure 7 is a detail section of the top rail of the sash and engagedpart of the window frame. Figure 8 is a detail cross section of a railof the screen sash.

Figure 9 is a detail section of the screen and engaged part of thewindow frame, showing the retaining means.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary elevation of the outer side of the screenwith a part broken away. There is illustrated a window comprising aframe It! for the opening, the outer portion of which frame may conformto conventional practice as to sill form, boxing, etc. While counterbalances may be employed with my sash if desired, the manner of doing sowill be uderstood by those versed in the art, and for that reason noshowing of means of the kind is made here. The frame includes a sill IIand side members or jambs l2 between which the sill isfixed, andextending a distance below the sill, while the top member l3 of theframe may be a plain lintel piece. On the inner sides of the sidemembers l2,-the lintel and the top of the sill, a continuous stop It ismortised, having an inner face formed with a dove-tailed slot or groovel5 (see Figure '7) close to the faces of the frame members. That is, thesides of the groove are undercut, so that its inner part is wider thanthe opening. Set in this slot there is a continuous strip l6 of rubberor other suitable resilient material having the form in cross sectionofa segment of a circle. and including preferably an arc ofapproximately 200 degrees, although this may be varied without departingfrom the essentials of the invention. This strip is set in the slotwithin the open side toward the bottom of the slot, its edges beingagainst the bottom of the slot, and

the sides of the strip so confined and compressed by the sides of theslot that the middle closed part of the strip is caused to bulge andproject from the slot substantially. The slot and strip I6 should have awidth duly proportionate to the degree of compression of the strip thatexperience shows necessary to permit a good weather seal. For a normalwindow, a quarter or three-eighths of an inch is a suillcient width forthe groove at the face -of the stop and the strip Ii may be a stool;similar to rubber tubing, produced in th necessary shape.

An upper and a lower sash l1 and II respectively are shown, set in thewindow opening and against the stop it in compressive engagement withthe strip IS. The sash each compriss an outer simple frame I9 having arabbet 20 at the inner face around the opening therein, and a retainingframe 21 is secured thereto by screws 22 or other fastenings, formingwith the rabbet a groove in which the edges of a window light 23 may beloosely set. This light is shown as having engaged upon its edges andcompressed between the frame 2i and side of the rabbet a mounting andsealing strip it somewhat similar to the strip it, although it maycomprise a complete rubber tube slit at one side, if desired. Using suchrubber stock, the edges close snugly against the glass and the adjacentedge portions bow outwardly from the glass a substantial distance, whilethe extreme edges of the glass abut the wall of the strip opposite theslit. When confined between the frames is and ii, therefore, the rubberis also pressed tightly against the surfaces of the frames and soeffects a complete double seal at each side of the light.

The lower edge of the upper sash is formed with a dove-tail slot 25 ofthe same form as the slot II, and a strip 26 similar to the one it isset therein to abut the top edge of the lower sash, so that a completeseal is effected between the sash. These meeting edges the two sash alsoare sloped downward from the inner faces of the sash to the outer facesthereof, so that any water and snow gaining access to the space betweenthem will drain .to the outside. This slope is made substantially morethan the minimum necessary for drainage merely, and is sufficient toafford an overlap or interlock of the two edges so that the bottom ofthe upper sash can not swing inwardly when the lower sash is held innormal closed position. The sash are of sufficient vertical dlmensionstoequal the distance between the sill and lintel of the frame. causing asnugfit of the two and with the frame when the sash is in closedposition.

In the inner faces of the' side members of the frame there are formedduplicate groove or slot systems for guiding and retentive engagement ofpins fixed in the sash. Two such pins 21 are fixed in the lateral edgesof the upper sash l1, very close to the top thereof, and nearer theouter face of the sash than the inner face thereof. They are fixed inthe portion ll of the sash and project laterally therefrom a quarter tothree-eighths of an inch as heretofore practiced, each pin beingpreferably a metal pin of ample diameter to withstand wear and stressesincident to the uses to be described. Two similar pins 28 are fixed inthe same edges of this sash I! at the lower part, but further from thebottom of the sashthan the pins 21 are from the top of the sash; andthere are two such pins 2! in the corresponding edges of the lower sashII at its upper part spaced further from the top of this sash than thepins 21 are spaced from the top of the sash II. The groove system is ofuniform depth and width throughout, to permit ready sliding of theopposite pins simultaneously in the alined grooves of opposite sides ofthe frame. The system includes a mainvertical groove ll whichextends'from near the top of the frame III, to near the bottom of theframe a distance below the sill. This groove passes downwardly spacedfrom the inner edge of the sill II, and the frame or the wall structureof the building in which it is installed has built therein a pocket orcloset space 3| to accommodate the sash at times and the groove 30extends into this pocket, as will be described.

' The groove 30 is intersected by a number of grooves extendingtransversely on the side face of the frame Ill, the uppermost one 32having an entrance opening on the inner edge of the frame and beinginclined downwardly from this entrance to a'point outwardly of thegroove 30 on the frame spaced from the inner face of the stop I slightlymore than the space between the pins 21 and the outer face of the sashii. The groove 30 stops at the last named intersection. From the outerinclined part of the groove an upward extension thereof 33 is formedclose to the stop H, stopping just above the position of the pins 21when the window is closed, and inclined outwardly slightly so that thepin is pressed outwardly and the sash is thereby caused to compress thestrip it when the sash is in full closed position. The relation of theparts is such, however, that the sash does not tightly engage the faceof the stop I, ,so that pivotal movement of the sash on the axis of thepins 21 is permissible sufficiently for the lower end to swing with thepins 28 clear of the frame as will be explained. A second transversegroove 34 is formed having an entrance at the inner edge of the frame,with an outer part to receive the lower pin 28 of the sash il when inclosed position. It has a horizontal lower side 35, and a curved upperside 36 concentric with the position of the pin 21 when the sash is inclosed position and on a radius coincident with the pin 28 at the saidposition of the sash I1. The groove 34 is thus widened at its entrance.Its inner extremity is also formed with a'slight notch 31 in its lowerside adapted to receive the lower side part of the pin 21 when the sashI I has dropped a very slight extent from full closed position, so thatwhen the lower sash is removed,

the lower part of the upper sash can not be pressed inward casually, asmight happen by wind pressure.

A third transverse groove 38 is formed across the groove 30 below thegroove It and also opening from the inner edge of the frame ill, beinginclined.downwardly from that entrance and extended to a point below theposition of the pin 2'! when the lower sash is in closed position, andthen extended upward as at 39 to a point to accommodate that pin whenthe lower sash'is closed, and to press the pin outward so that the sashis held against the stop ll.

Spaced inwardly from the inner edge of the sill'piece ii, there is a baror other member 46, forming the inner side of the opening or entrance tothe pocket Ii. This entrance is of a size to permit ready passage of thesash therethrough while the pins of the sash are in the groove 3!. Thereis hinged on the bar I! a door closure or lid 4!, of a size to extendpartly over the sill and to rest against the inner face of the sash I8when the latter is infull closed position, compressing the latterslightly so as to hold the sash snuglyagainst the weather seal strip I6,thereby serving as a seal device, antirattler and look by means of whichopening of the window from the outside is prevented. The stop I4 isprovided at the sides and top of the window with an outer 'fiange,shoulder, or stop strip 42, and set immediately within this stop' 42 andretained thereby there is a screen 43 having two long pins 44 at itsupper edge and two short pins 45 at its lower edge engaged in holes inthe lower edge of the stop I4 at the top of the window, and in the topedge of the stop I4 at the bottom of the window,- respectively. Thescreen comprises a rectangular frame adapted to fit loosely between theside portions W of the stop I4, and materially shorter than the spacebetween the top and bottom portions of the stop I4, the supplementarystop 42 being extended sufficiently to permit a slight vertical movementof the screen in the space within the stop I4 and still maintain aclosure between the two. ,The screen is put in place by inserting thelong pins in the holes at the top of the window, and lifting it untilthe short pins clear the top of the stop I4 on the sill, when pressing.the bottom of the screen outwardly and allowing the screen to dropdownward with the pins 45 engaging in the holes in the stop I4. Thescreen may be made foldable at the middle so that it may be introducedinto the pocket 3| along with the sash, if desired.

The screen consists of a body frame 43 of suitable material in the sideof which spaced from and parallel to the edge of the opening through theframe, there is formed a continuous groove 46 near the inner edge of theframe. The frame piece has a substantial side face portion outwardly ofthe groove in which there are set a multiplicity of spurs or pins 41suitably spaced longitudinally throughout the side members and endmembers of the frame, these pins being quite smallin diameter, so thatthey may readily penetrate the screen material 48 when the latter islaid on the frame preparatory to securing it in place. A cover strip orfacing piece 49 is secured on the body frame over the edges of thescreen material, the spurs or pins penetrating this, and so causing thescreen to be retained in place. On the cover piece there is a rib 58adapted to enter the groove 48 and lie therein with the screen materialpassing under it and beyond, or this rib may be a separate element ofcorresponding size adapted to be laid over the groove upon the screenand confined by the cover strip when the latter is fastened in place.The cover strip may be secured by laying it over the spurs 41 anddriving it down thereon with a hammer or otherwise. Or it may be securedby suitable fastenings applied where required. Where the groove 30passes-into the pocket 8|, it is formed with a transverse portion 5|just below the sill into which extension the upper pins 21 and 29 of thesash may pass, the groove 88 continuing to near the'bottom oi thepocket,,where it has a horizontal portion 82 into which the lower pins28 of the upper sash may be'moved when the pins 21 are in the extension8|. On the extreme inner edge of the side members of the frame .II. oneor more notches 88 are formed adapted to receive the pins 21, 28 or 28,as may be required. The slot 88 has a series of rest notches 54 in itsouter side between the slots 82 and 88 to receive the pins 21 or 28 asoccasion may require, and support the sash at various adjustments in theupper part of the window opening.

In use, the window frame and sash being constructed as described, itwill be seen that neither sash can be moved from outside the window, and.a good simple weather-tight closure is presented. To remove the lowersash, the lid 4| is raised and swung upward and inwardly of the windowto full open position at which it extends inwardly away from the pocketas dotted in Figure 2. This releases the lower part of the sash I8,which may now be swung inward, the pins 29 dropping in the extension 39of the slot 38 until the pins may be drawn outwardly in the latter slot,the lower part of the sash may be entered in the pocket while the pinsare moved to the slot 30, into which they may be dropped, the sashthusentering the pocket completely. At the first movement of the lower partof sash l8 the pins 28 of the upper sash drop into the notches 31retaining the upper sash in closed position. These notches may be onlyabout one sixteenth of an inch deep, so that the movement so involved isimmaterial on the closure effect of the upper sash. If the lower sash isnot to be entered in the pocket, it may be swung inwardly of the frame,while the upper part is drawn outward to move the pins 29 out throughthe entrance of the slot 38, the sash being thus freed from the frame I0entirely. Or the pins 29 may be moved upwardly in the slot 30, andrested in the outer part of the slot- 36 next the upper sash, thusleaving a small ventilating opening below the lower sash; or the pinsmay be engaged in some of the rest notches 54 in the upper part of theslot 30, or in the outer part of the slot 32 next the upper sash,attainingvarious adjustments of thelower opening for venti lation, thelast mentioned position being full open position of the lower sash.Also, if desired, after the pins have been moved inwardly from the slot38 and clear of the frame, while the lower portion of the sash isentered in the pocket justed. This is accomplished by applying a slightlifting force to the sash to enable the pins 28 to move from the notches31 readily, and the sash-then swung to move the pins 28 outwardly in theslots 36. The pin may be allowed to dropinto the slots 30 as e pins 21move downwardly in the extensions 33 of the slots 32, or the pins 28 maybe swung clear inwardly of the frame, and when the pins 21 have droppedto the slots 32 they may be moved into the slots 38 or clear of theframe as desired. Pins 28 may be retained in slots 80 and pins 21allowed to rest in some of the notches 84, thus supporting the uppersash at different heights to afford ventilation thereover. If the lowersash has not been entirely removed, it may be returned to its normalclosed position after the last named adjustment ofthe upper sash, thusopening the window only at the top, and affording adjustment of the .topopening to suit requirements.

Both sash may be disposed in the pocket 3| if desired, the first oneintroduced therein being moved outwardly to the front or outer side ofthe pocket next the outer side of the building wall. The transversegroove 52 at the lower end of the slot 30 accommodates the pin 28 at therespective side of the sash for such movements. The pocket may alsoaccommodate the screen when the latter is folded in half.

Any desired handles or grip devices 55 may be attached to the sash andto the screen to facilitate manipulation thereof, as discretion maydictate.

In replacing the upper sash II, when the pins 21 have been entered fullyin the slots 32, the

simple pressure of the lower pins 28 inwardly on the horizontal lowersides 35 of the slots I4 will cause the pins 21 to be forced upwardlyinto engagement with the inner side of the extensions 33, and effectingcompression of the weather seal l8 and when the pins 28 engage thenotches 31 the sash will be retained in closed position individually andindependently of the lower sash.

The construction of the screen is specially designed to improvemanufacture of screens with the screen tightly stretched and with aminimum expenditure of time and effort by the workmen. In theconstruction of my screen, the body frame 43 being assembled asillustrated. the cover piece 49 being at hand, the frame is laid on asuitable support with the groove 46 and pins 41 upwardly, anda sheet ofscreen material 48 laid thereon with its edge portions extending overthe pins. With the screen arranged approximately flat, without materialstretching, its edge portions are pressed downward on the pins 41 andthe cover piece with the rib l thereon put in place with the rib alinedwith the groove. Suitable nails being now driven into the cover pieceand into the frame 43, the rib 50 is thereby forced downwardly into thematerial of the screen, depressing it into the groove 46. The portionsof the screen at both sides of the groove 46 tend to be drawn inwardly,but as movement of the body of the screen to accommodate this tendencyis opposed by the pins 41 after a very slightgnovement, the screen mustthen move principally outward to the slot, with the result of verytightly stretching the screen within the frame without-any other efforton the part of the workman than the driving of the nails or otherfastenings by which the cover piece 49 is secured.

In case the rib 50 is not formed integrally with or attached to thecover piece 49, a piece of wire, cord,,or other material, may be laidover the groove and upon the screen to serve as a rib, as the coverplate is put in place.

I am aware of the use of the groove and, rib stock in screen sashheretofore, but it is open to the objection that the screen slips inwardunder the rib preventing adequate stretching of the screen on the frame.this tendency fully, and in addition by holding the screen edgesthroughout while the cover is being put in place, there is assured auniform stretching of the screen throughout its area.

I claim: V

A window comprising a frame having duplicate sash pin guiding andsupport grooves in its lambs, a-sash fitted for vertical and horizontaltranslative movement in the window opening and having pins fixed in itslateral edges .alidabiy engaged in the grooves for retention and Thepins 41 counteract support of the sash, a front stile on the framedefining a stop positioned to receive the sash thereagainst when inclosed position, a resilient compressible yielding sealing member set inthe inner face of the stile and extending longitudinally throughout thestile to continuously abut the face of the sash at times, said groovesincluding inclined portions to receive the pins of the sash and locatedto extend above and below the normal closed positions of the pins,arranged so that on movement of the sash vertically to closed position,the inner sides of the inclined parts of the slots will engage the innersides of the pins and press them outwardly, whereby the sash will becaused to engaged and deform the said sealing member.

2. A window comprising a frame having jambs formed with duplicate alinedsash pin guiding grooves in opposed relation and having a continuousstop spaced outwardly of the grooves, at least one sash fitted forvertical and horizontal translative movement between said jambs andhaving fixed lateral pins in its lateral edges slidably engaged in thegrooves for retention of the sash, said grooves including major verticalportions and having inclined portions extending above and below thenormal closed positions of the pins convergent upwardly toward the stopand arranged so that on movement of the sash vertically to closedposition the inner sides of the inclined portions of the grooves willengage the inner sides of the pins and press them outwardly.

3. The structure of claim 2 including two sash in which the upper sashincludes lateral pins at its upper and at its lower parts, the lowersash having lateral pins at its upper opposite parts, said grooveshaving terminal parts to receive the upper pins of each sash and toengage and press them toward the said stile, said grooves groovesinclude transverse parts arranged and adapted to aline with respectiveupper pins of at least one sash and having outer parts toward the stopbelow the normal levels of the respective upper pins of the sash andhaving upwardly extending outwardly inclined groove portions from saidouter parts to receive said pins, constituting said inclined portionsfirst named.

5. The structure of claim 2 including upper .and lower sash each,havingupper and lower pins in each side and in which a parallel groove isincluded in each iamb spaced inwardly of and parallel to the. said majorvertical portions of the first named grooves, connecting transversegrooves from the first named groove at the closed positions oi the lowerpinsof the upper sash to the parallel groove, connecting transversegrooves extending from the said first named grooves below the normalclosed positions of, the upper pins of each sash and opening into saidparallel grooves,'said parallel grooves having notches in the sidesthereof, to receive the pins of either sash in sash-supportingengagement, the lower sash being movable to clear the upper one.

6 A window structure of the character described including a frame havinga sill and lambs with pin guiding grooves therein, upper'and lower sashvertically slidable in the frame and each provided with lateral pinsslidable in the grooves, said grooves including outer ones stoppingabove the sill and receiving said pins when the sash are in closedposition, and an inner groove in each .jamb inwardly of the closedpositions of the sash and extending below the sill, a pocket structureincluded in the frame below the sill including an opening at the silloflset from the closed position of the sash and arranged to receive eachsash therethrough by movement thereof with its pins in the last namedgroove, and connecting grooves between said outer and inner grooves forshifting of said pins from one groove to theother, horizontal pinreceiving extensions being iormed from said inner groove below the sillfor support of sash oilset from the said inner groove, and a closure forthe opening.

'1. A window structure of the character described including a framehaving a sill and opposed pin guiding grooves in its sides, sliding sashhaving lateral pins slidable in the grooves,

the lower sash grooves being included spaced inwardly of the closedposition of the sash and extending below the window a distance. a wallpocket structure including an opening at the sill o! the window toreceive said sash therethrough, said last named grooves extendingthrough said Ope i and a closure for said opening, comprising a cover.

hinged .at the side of the opening spaced from the closed position ofthe sash and having a radius to lie when closed with its swinging edgein close abutment against the lower inner face of when the latter is inclosed position.

8. The structure of claim '7 in which a groove leads from each of saidgrooves spaced inwardly through the inner face of the frame to permitpassage of said pins clear of. the frame, and notches on the inner faceof the, frame a distance above the said pocket opening less than thevertical dimension of one sashJor the purposes described.

GUKBTAV A. E. KAUL-

